Design, face validity and pilot application of a questionnaire to characterize the elderly: needs of care and support networks.
Abstract
Introduction. The rise of elderly people requires care approaches that try to ensure a healthy aging process. The instruments to characterize elderly people and identify in an integrated manner care needs, support networks and community circumstances are limited. Designing a questionnaire that acknowledges these characteristics can help guide situational assessments and community programs. The goal was to design and evaluate the face validity of a questionnaire to characterize care needs and support networks of elderly people in a community context. Methodology. Methodological, descriptive cross-sectional pilot study. Developed in three phases: literature review; questionnaire development; comprehensibility assessment and the face validity through the pilot trial. The questionnaire was applied to 280 elderly people of the municipality of Girardot, Colombia, to describe their sociodemographic, clinical, functional, support networks and technology use characteristics. Results. A questionnaire was developed with 24 items, distributed in four categories: functionality and dependence, clinical dimension, employment-economic dimension and the community care perception. Discussion. The questionnaire constitutes an initial community characterization tool. Its contribution lies in the guiding of community care programs directed to the elderly people. It does not replace clinical or psychometrical tools used to evaluate depression, cognitive impairment, functionality and social support. Conclusions. A questionnaire was designed with initial evidence of face validity and comprehensibility to characterize care needs and support networks in elderly people in a community context. Further studies are necessary to evaluate content validity, internal structure, reliability, and the tools performance in other contexts.
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