Risk of sarcopenia, mental health, disability, and social participation in Chilean older adults
Abstract
Introduction. Population aging in Chile has increased the prevalence of chronic diseases, creating the challenge of preserving quality of life in older adults. Sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, is a risk factor for disability and reduced well-being. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and risk of sarcopenia in Chilean older adults. Methodology. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 participants aged 60 years or older, using non-probabilistic sampling. Quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Older Adults, and risk of sarcopenia was assessed using the SARC-F questionnaire. Simple and multivariable logistic regression models were applied, adjusted for age, sex, and educational level. Results. The prevalence of risk of sarcopenia was 28%, higher among women (33%) and participants aged 80 years or older. Risk of sarcopenia was significantly associated with disability (OR=15.63), mental health symptoms (OR=22.73; 95% CI: 1.61–320.76), asthma (OR=6.46), and lower social participation (adjusted OR=3.29). Discussion. The findings are consistent with international studies showing a higher risk of sarcopenia among women and the oldest participants, as well as its negative association with functional status and mental health. However, this study provides local evidence by showing the relevance of social participation as a factor related to quality of life in the Chilean population. Conclusions. Early identification of the risk of sarcopenia and the incorporation of quality-of-life assessment in primary care are essential for designing public policies and community strategies that promote healthy aging.
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