Estudio de corte transversal sobre el estado de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de médicos colombianos ante el tabaquismo
Palabras clave:
Educación Médica Continua, Cese del Tabaquismo, Uso de Tabaco, Encuestas Epidemiológicas, Hábito de Fumar
Resumen
Introducción: El consumo de cigarrillo ha venido en aumento entre otras razones por nuevas estrategias comerciales, falta de una política pública definida, contrabando y falta de programas efectivos contra la adicción. Los médicos no son ajenos a este problema con el agravante de que no cuentan con el entrenamiento necesario para influir en la educación de los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de médicos colombianos respecto al tabaquismo. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal mediante encuesta virtual realizada a 431 médicos colombianos anónimos, autoseleccionados. Resultados: La prevalencia de vida de consumo de cigarrillo fue del 68.68%. La edad promedio de consumo fue 16 años, el 37.28% ha fumado más de 5 cajetillas a lo largo de la vida; solamente el 12.54% de los fumadores ha intentado dejar el hábito; el 61.71% de los encuestados refirieron uno o ambos padres fumadores, variable que resultó asociada al consumo. El 51.04% refiere no tener conocimientos para brindar asesoría a los pacientes en el tema; 88.17% está de acuerdo con la normatividad restrictiva existente en el país; el 95.82% consideran que son un modelo a seguir y que desempeñan un papel importante frente al paciente. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo en médicos colombianos es baja en comparación con la estadística mundial; la asesoría para abandonar el hábito en los pacientes es casi nula. Hay consenso en la necesidad de una mejor formación en el tema entre el personal médico. [Robayo-González CX, Uribe-Caputi JC. Estudio de corte transversal sobre el estado de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de médicos colombianos ante el tabaquismo. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 327-337].
Referencias bibliográficas
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19. Juranić B, Rakošec Ž, Jakab J, Mikšić Š, Vuletić S, Ivandić M, et al. Prevalence, habits and personal attitudes towards smoking among health care professionals. J Occup Med Toxicol [Internet]. 2017; 12(1):20. Disponible en: http://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12995-017-0166-5
20. Martínez C, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Antón L, Riccobene A, Fu M, Quirós N, et al. Prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en trabajadores hospitalarios: metaanálisis en 45 hospitales catalanes TT - Smoking prevalence in hospital workers: meta-analysis in 45 Catalan hospitals. Gac Sanit [Internet]. 2016; 30(1):55–8. Disponible en: http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-91112016000100011&lang=pt
21. Shahbazi S, Arif AA, Portwood SG, Thompson ME. Risk factors of smoking among health care professionals. J Prim Care Community Health [Internet]. 2014; 5(4):228–33. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695770
22. Warren CW, Sinha DN, Lee J, Lea V, Jones NR. Tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and cessation counseling among medical students: cross-country data from the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS), 2005-2008. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011; 11(1):72. Disponible en: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3042391&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
23. Zinonos S, Zachariadou T, Zannetos S, Panayiotou AG, Georgiou A. Smoking prevalence and associated risk factors among healthcare professionals in Nicosia general hospital, Cyprus: a cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis [Internet]. Tobacco Induced Diseases; 2016; 14(1):14. Disponible en: http://tobaccoinduceddiseases.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12971-016-0079-6
24. Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Miranda JAR, Pinedo AR, Martinez EDH, Marquez FL, Cobos LP, et al. Prevalence of and attitudes towards smoking among Spanish health professionals. Respiration. 2015; 90(6):474–80.
25. Siqués P, Brito J, Muñoz C, Pasten P, Zavala P, Vergara J. Prevalence and characteristics of smoking in primary healthcare workers in Iquique, Chile. Public Health. 2006; 120(7):618–23.
26. Martínez C, Méndez C, Sánchez M, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Attitudes of students of a health sciences university towards the extension of smoke-free policies at the university campuses of Barcelona (Spain). Gac Sanit [Internet]. SESPAS; 2016; 31(2):132–8. Disponible: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.08.009
27. Pednekar M, Sinha D, Singh G, Warren C, Asma S, Gupta P, et al. Tobacco use and cessation counseling in India-data from the Global Health Professions Students Survey, 2005-09. Indian J Cancer [Internet]. 2012; 49(4):425. Disponible en: http://www.indianjcancer.com/text.asp?2012/49/4/425/107751
28. Raupach T, Al-Harbi G, McNeill A, Bobak A, McEwen A. Smoking Cessation Education and Training in U.K. Medical Schools: A National Survey. Nicotine Tob Res [Internet]. 2015; 17(3):372–5. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntu199
29. Victor JC, Brewster JM, Ferrence R, Ashley MJ, Cohen JE, Selby P. Tobacco-related medical education and physician interventions with parents who smoke: Survey of Canadian family physicians and pediatricians. Can Fam Physician. 2010; 56(2):157–63.
30. Mony P, Vishwanath N, Krishnan S. Tobacco use, attitudes and cessation practices among healthcare workers of a city health department in Southern India. J Fam Med Prim Care [Internet]. 2015; 4(2):261. Disponible en: http://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2015/4/2/261/154670
31. Prucha M, Fisher S, McIntosh S, Grable J, Holderness H, Thevenet-Morrison K, et al. Health Care Workers’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Tobacco Use in Economically Disadvantaged Dominican Republic Communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2015; 12(4):4060–75. Disponible en: http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/4/4060/
32. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Cuba - Havana - Medical Students (3rd Year Students Only) Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) FACT. 2008.
33. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Guatemala - Medical Students (3rd Year Students Only) Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). 2008.
34. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Panama - Medical Students (3rd Year Students Only) Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). 2008.
35. Armstrong GW, Veronese G, George PF, Montroni I, Ugolini G. Assessment of tobacco habits, attitudes, and education among medical students in the United States and Italy: A cross-sectional survey. J Prev Med Public Heal. 2017; 50(3):177–87.
36. Schoj V, Mejia R, Alderete M, Kaplan CP, Peña L, Gregorich SE, et al. Use of Smoking Cessation Interventions by Physicians in Argentina. J Smok Cessat [Internet]. 2016 Sep 21; 11(3):188–97. Disponible en: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1834261214000243
37. Brimkulov N, Vinnikov D, Dzhilkiadarova Z, Aralbaeva A. Tobacco use among Kyrgyzstan medical students: an 11-year follow-up cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BMC Public Health; 2017; 17(1):625. Disponible en: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4547-6
38. Walters EL, Reibling ET, Wilber ST, Sullivan AF, Gaeta TJ, Camargo CA, et al. Emergency Department Provider Preferences Related to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tobacco Cessation: A Multicenter Survey. Fu R, editor. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2014 Jul; 21(7):785–93. Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/acem.12421
39. Katz DA, Vander Weg MW, Holman J, Nugent A, Baker L, Johnson S, et al. The emergency department action in smoking cessation (EDASC) trial: Impact on delivery of smoking cessation counseling. Acad Emerg Med. 2012; 19(4):409–20.
2. Organización Mundial de la Salud, FCTC. Convenio marco de la OMS para el control del tabaco. 2003;1–37. Disponible en: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42813/1/9243591010.pdf%5Cnhttp://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1135-57272003000400005&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es%5Cnhttp://www.ops.org.bo/cgi/sys/s1a.xic?DB=A&DS=BO2.1&S2=1&S6=1&S8=1&EI=(TABA%2524
3. Social M de salud y proteccion. Ley 1335 de 2009 [Internet]. 2009 p. 11. Disponible en: http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=36878
4. Michael Eriksen; Judith Mackay; Neil Schluger; Farhad Islami Gomeshtapeh; Jeffrey Drope. The Tobacco Atlas [Internet]. American Cancer Society, Inc. American Cancer Society, Inc.; 2015. 1-86 p. Disponible en: http://www.tobaccoatlas.org/
5. World Health Organization. Monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. 2017. 1-135 p.
6. Boyle P, Yasantha Ariyaratne M, Barrington R, Bartelink H, Bartsch G, Berns A, et al. Tobacco: deadly in any form or disguise. Lancet. 2006; 367(9524): 1710–2.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tobacco Use and Cessation Counseling — Global Health Professionals Survey Pilot Study, services vices [Internet]. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Atlanta; 2005. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/wk/mm5420.pdf
8. Tong EK, Strouse R, Hall J, Kovac M, Schroeder SA. National survey of U.S. health professionals’ smoking prevalence, cessation practices, and beliefs. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010; 12(7): 724–33.
9. Hodgetts G, Broers T, Godwin M. Smoking behaviour, knowledge and attitudes among Family Medicine physicians and nurses in Bosnia and Herzegovina. BMC Fam Pract [Internet]. 2004; 5:12. Disponible en: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=449709&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
10. Rodriguez. DRORCCMN. Smoking in Colombian Medical Schools: The Hidden Curriculum. Prev Med (Baltim). 2001; 33: 170–4.
11. World Health Organization. Global Health Professional Students Survey. 2008; 2008(January 2007): 1–9.
12. Boopathirajan R, Muthunarayanan L. Awareness, Attitude and Use of Tobacco among Medical Students in Chennai. J Lifestyle Med [Internet]. 2017; 7(1):27–34. Disponible en: http://www.jlifestylemed.org/journal/DOIx.php?id=10.15280/jlm.2017.7.1.27
13. Group GYTSC. Tobacco use among youth: a cross country comparison. Tob Control [Internet]. 2002;11(3):252–70. Disponible en: http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=reference&D=med4&NEWS=N&AN=12198280
14. Wiesner C C, Peñaranda D. Encuesta Mundial de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes. Reporte de Bogotá, Colombia. Rev Colomb Cancerol [Internet]. 2002;6(4):5–14. Disponible en: http://www.cancer.gov.co/documentos/revistas/2002/pub4/2 - Encuesta mundial de tabaquismo en j?venes.pdf
15. Rodriguez, J, Ruiz F, Peñaloza E, Eslava J, Gómez LC, Sánchez H, Amaya JL, Arenas R BY. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2007. Resultados Nacionales [National Health Survey 2007. National Results] [Internet]. 2009. 27-260 p. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/salud/Documents/Córdoba.pdf
16. Pianori D, Gili A, Masanotti G. Changing the smoking habit: Prevalence, knowledge and attitudes among Umbrian hospital healthcare professionals. J Prev Med Hyg. 2017;58(1): E72–8.
17. Vanphanom S, Morrow M, Phengsavanh A, Hansana V, Phommachanh S, Tomson T. Smoking among Lao medical doctors: challenges and opportunities for tobacco control. Tob Control [Internet]. 2011; 20(2):144–50. Disponible en: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/cgi/doi/10.1136/tc.2009.035196
18. Sonmez CI, Aydin LY, Turker Y, Baltaci D, Dikici S, Sariguzel YC, et al. Comparison of smoking habits, knowledge, attitudes and tobacco control interventions between primary care physicians and nurses. Tob Induc Dis [Internet]. Tobacco Induced Diseases; 2015; 13(1):37. Disponible en: http://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.com/content/13/1/37
19. Juranić B, Rakošec Ž, Jakab J, Mikšić Š, Vuletić S, Ivandić M, et al. Prevalence, habits and personal attitudes towards smoking among health care professionals. J Occup Med Toxicol [Internet]. 2017; 12(1):20. Disponible en: http://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12995-017-0166-5
20. Martínez C, Martínez-Sánchez JM, Antón L, Riccobene A, Fu M, Quirós N, et al. Prevalencia de consumo de tabaco en trabajadores hospitalarios: metaanálisis en 45 hospitales catalanes TT - Smoking prevalence in hospital workers: meta-analysis in 45 Catalan hospitals. Gac Sanit [Internet]. 2016; 30(1):55–8. Disponible en: http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0213-91112016000100011&lang=pt
21. Shahbazi S, Arif AA, Portwood SG, Thompson ME. Risk factors of smoking among health care professionals. J Prim Care Community Health [Internet]. 2014; 5(4):228–33. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24695770
22. Warren CW, Sinha DN, Lee J, Lea V, Jones NR. Tobacco use, exposure to secondhand smoke, and cessation counseling among medical students: cross-country data from the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS), 2005-2008. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011; 11(1):72. Disponible en: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3042391&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
23. Zinonos S, Zachariadou T, Zannetos S, Panayiotou AG, Georgiou A. Smoking prevalence and associated risk factors among healthcare professionals in Nicosia general hospital, Cyprus: a cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis [Internet]. Tobacco Induced Diseases; 2016; 14(1):14. Disponible en: http://tobaccoinduceddiseases.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12971-016-0079-6
24. Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Miranda JAR, Pinedo AR, Martinez EDH, Marquez FL, Cobos LP, et al. Prevalence of and attitudes towards smoking among Spanish health professionals. Respiration. 2015; 90(6):474–80.
25. Siqués P, Brito J, Muñoz C, Pasten P, Zavala P, Vergara J. Prevalence and characteristics of smoking in primary healthcare workers in Iquique, Chile. Public Health. 2006; 120(7):618–23.
26. Martínez C, Méndez C, Sánchez M, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Attitudes of students of a health sciences university towards the extension of smoke-free policies at the university campuses of Barcelona (Spain). Gac Sanit [Internet]. SESPAS; 2016; 31(2):132–8. Disponible: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.08.009
27. Pednekar M, Sinha D, Singh G, Warren C, Asma S, Gupta P, et al. Tobacco use and cessation counseling in India-data from the Global Health Professions Students Survey, 2005-09. Indian J Cancer [Internet]. 2012; 49(4):425. Disponible en: http://www.indianjcancer.com/text.asp?2012/49/4/425/107751
28. Raupach T, Al-Harbi G, McNeill A, Bobak A, McEwen A. Smoking Cessation Education and Training in U.K. Medical Schools: A National Survey. Nicotine Tob Res [Internet]. 2015; 17(3):372–5. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntu199
29. Victor JC, Brewster JM, Ferrence R, Ashley MJ, Cohen JE, Selby P. Tobacco-related medical education and physician interventions with parents who smoke: Survey of Canadian family physicians and pediatricians. Can Fam Physician. 2010; 56(2):157–63.
30. Mony P, Vishwanath N, Krishnan S. Tobacco use, attitudes and cessation practices among healthcare workers of a city health department in Southern India. J Fam Med Prim Care [Internet]. 2015; 4(2):261. Disponible en: http://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2015/4/2/261/154670
31. Prucha M, Fisher S, McIntosh S, Grable J, Holderness H, Thevenet-Morrison K, et al. Health Care Workers’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Tobacco Use in Economically Disadvantaged Dominican Republic Communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2015; 12(4):4060–75. Disponible en: http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/4/4060/
32. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Cuba - Havana - Medical Students (3rd Year Students Only) Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) FACT. 2008.
33. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Guatemala - Medical Students (3rd Year Students Only) Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). 2008.
34. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Panama - Medical Students (3rd Year Students Only) Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS). 2008.
35. Armstrong GW, Veronese G, George PF, Montroni I, Ugolini G. Assessment of tobacco habits, attitudes, and education among medical students in the United States and Italy: A cross-sectional survey. J Prev Med Public Heal. 2017; 50(3):177–87.
36. Schoj V, Mejia R, Alderete M, Kaplan CP, Peña L, Gregorich SE, et al. Use of Smoking Cessation Interventions by Physicians in Argentina. J Smok Cessat [Internet]. 2016 Sep 21; 11(3):188–97. Disponible en: http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1834261214000243
37. Brimkulov N, Vinnikov D, Dzhilkiadarova Z, Aralbaeva A. Tobacco use among Kyrgyzstan medical students: an 11-year follow-up cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. BMC Public Health; 2017; 17(1):625. Disponible en: http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4547-6
38. Walters EL, Reibling ET, Wilber ST, Sullivan AF, Gaeta TJ, Camargo CA, et al. Emergency Department Provider Preferences Related to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tobacco Cessation: A Multicenter Survey. Fu R, editor. Acad Emerg Med [Internet]. 2014 Jul; 21(7):785–93. Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/acem.12421
39. Katz DA, Vander Weg MW, Holman J, Nugent A, Baker L, Johnson S, et al. The emergency department action in smoking cessation (EDASC) trial: Impact on delivery of smoking cessation counseling. Acad Emerg Med. 2012; 19(4):409–20.
Cómo citar
1.
Robayo-González CX, Uribe-Caputi JC. Estudio de corte transversal sobre el estado de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de médicos colombianos ante el tabaquismo. MedUNAB [Internet]. 5 de julio de 2018 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];20(3):327-3. Disponible en: https://revistas.unab.edu.co/index.php/medunab/article/view/2422
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2018-07-05
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