Ansiedad y depresión identificadas con la Escala de Golberg en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud
Resumen
Introducción. Los programas universitarios del área de la salud son exigentes y la rutina es extenuante, por lo tanto, generan estrés y un potencial impacto psicológico negativo en los estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la ansiedad y a la depresión en estudiantes del área de la salud. Metodología. Estudio de tipo transversal aplicado a estudiantes de Medicina, Enfermería y Química Farmacéutica de una universidad colombiana que diligenciaron anónima y voluntariamente un formulario con datos sociodemográficos y, a su vez, la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg. Se realizó regresión logística: ansiedad o depresión (variable dependiente) y las características sociodemográficas (independientes); p<0.05, estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Losparticipantes corresponden a 697 jóvenes, cuyas edades oscilan entre 20.3±1.7. El 43.6% estudiaba Medicina, el 26.2% Química Farmacéutica y el 30.1% Enfermería. Se identificó ansiedad en el 49.8% (intervalo de confianza 95%:46.0-53.4) y depresión en el 80.3% (intervalo de confianza 95%:77.2- 83.1). Estudiar Medicina, Enfermería, ser de sexo femenino, padecer de sobrepeso e infrapeso, haber tenido consulta previa psicológica o psiquiátrica, tener medicación permanente y sufrir de alguna enfermedad crónica, se asocia a mayor presencia de ansiedad. Proceder de zonas rurales se asoció a mayor depresión. Discusión. Los hallazgos muestran alta prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en el grupo de jóvenes universitarios del área de la salud. Si bien la escala utilizada no hace diagnóstico, sí sugiere la existencia de manifestaciones patológicas. Factores psicosociales, sobre todo del entorno juvenil, estuvieron asociados. Situaciones similares han sido señaladas por diferentes autores. Conclusiones. Se identificó ansiedad en la mitad de los estudiantes y depresión en ocho de cada diez. Factores inherentes a la vida universitaria, costumbres, hábitos y actividades recreativas se asociaron significativamente.
Referencias bibliográficas
Picco L, Seow E, Chua BY, Mahendran R, Verma S, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Recognition of mental disorders: findings from a cross-sectional study among medical students in Singapore. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12): e019038. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019038
World Health Organization. Mental Health. [internet]. [citado 19 feb de 2020]. Recuperado a partir de: https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/mental-health
Arrieta-Vergara K, Fortich-Mesa N, Tirado-Amador L, Simancas-Pallares M. Common mental disorders and associated factors in dental students from Cartagena, Colombia. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2019;48(1):10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2017.05.015
Kumar B, Shah MAA, Kumari R, Kumar A, Kumar J, Tahir A. Depression, anxiety, and stress among final-year medical students. Cureus. 2019;11(3): e4257. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4257
Tung YJ, Lo KKH, Ho RCM, Tam WSW. Prevalence of depression among nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2018; 63:119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.01.009
Damasio IL, Pecci N, Kleinsorge R, Granero AL, Cerrato SH, Da Silva O, Lucchetti G. Depression, stress and anxiety in medical students: A cross-sectional comparison between students from different semesters. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2017;63(1):21-28.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.21
Chatterjee S, Saha I, Mukhopadhyay S, Misra R, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharya A. Depression among nursing students in an Indian government college. Br J Nurs. 2014;23(6):316-20. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2014.23.6.316
Gómez-Restrepo C, Tamayo-Martínez N, Bohórquez A, Rondón M, Medina-Rico M, Rengifo H, Bautisa N. Depression and anxiety disorders and associated factors in the adult Colombian population, 2015 National Mental Health Survey. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2016;45(Suplement1):58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.04.009
MSPS. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Guía metodológica para el observatorio nacional de salud mental. [internet]. 2017 [citado 19 de feb 2020]. Recuperado a partir de: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/ED/GCFI/guia-ross-salud-mental.pdf
Song Y, Lindquist R. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(1):86-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.010
Arrieta-Vergara K, Díaz-Cárdenas S, González-Martínez F. Síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en jóvenes universitarios: prevalencia y factores relacionados. Rev Clin Med Fam. 2014;7(1):14-22. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1699-695X2014000100003
Sarokhani D, Delpisheh A, Veisani Y, Sarokhani MT, Manesh RE, Sayehmiri K. Prevalence of depression among university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis study. Depress Res Treat. 2013; 2013:373-857. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/373857
Uchida C, Uchida M. Characteristics and risk factors for suicide and deaths among college students: A 23-Year serial prevalence study of data from 8.2 million japanese college students. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(4): e404-e412. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.16m10807
Goldberg D, Bridges K, Duncan-Jones P, Grayson D. Detecting anxiety and depression in general medical settings. BMJ. 1988;297(6653):897-899. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.297.6653.897
Mukaka MM. A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Med J. 2012;24(3):69-71.
MSPS. Ministerio de Salud y de Colombia. Resolución número 8430 de 1993. Normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud [internet]. [Citado feb 19 de 2020].Recuperado a partir de: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDF
Kebede MA, Anbessie B, Ayano G. Prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among medical students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2019; 13:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-019-0287-6
Mahroon ZA, Borgan SM, Kamel C, Maddison W, Royston M, Donnellan C. Factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among medical students in Bahrain. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(1):31-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-017-0733-1
Milić J, Škrlec I, Milić Vranješ I, Podgornjak M, Heffer M. High levels of depression and anxiety among Croatian medical and nursing students and the correlation between subjective happiness and personality traits. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2019;31(7-8):653-660. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2019.1594647
Zeng W, Chen R, Wang X, Zhang Q, Deng W. Prevalence of mental health problems among medical students in China: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(18): e15337. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015337
Bassols AM, Okabayashi LS, Silva AB, Carneiro BB, Feijó F, Guimarães GC, Cortes GN, Rohde LA, Eizirik CL. First- and last-year medical students: is there a difference in the prevalence and intensity of anxiety and depressive symptoms? Braz J Psychiatry. 2014;36(3):233-240. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1183
Fawzy M, Hamed SA. Prevalence of psychological stress, depression and anxiety among medical students in Egypt. Psychiatry Res. 2017; 255:186-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.027
Aboalshamat K, Hou XY, Strodl E. Psychological well-being status among medical and dental students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Med Teach. 2015;37(Suppl 1): S75-81. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2015.1006612
Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017; 8:179-186. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5910.b961
Brenneisen Mayer F, Souza Santos I, Silveira PS, Itaqui Lopes MH, de Souza AR, Campos EP, de Abreu BA, Hoffman Ii I, Magalhães CR, Lima MC, Almeida R, Spinardi M, Tempski P. Factors associated to depression and anxiety in medical students: a multicenter study. BMC Med Educ. 2016; 16(1):282. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0791-1
AlFaris E, Irfan F, Qureshi R, Naeem N, Alshomrani A, Ponnamperuma G, Al Yousufi N, Al Maflehi N, Al Naami M, Jamal A, van der Vleuten C. Health professions' students have an alarming prevalence of depressive symptoms: exploration of the associated factors. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16(1):279. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0794-y
Adhikari A, Dutta A, Sapkota S, Chapagain A, Aryal A, Pradhan A. Prevalence of poor mental health among medical students in Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17(1):232. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1083-0
Talih F, Daher M, Daou D, Ajaltouni J. Examining Burnout, Depression, and Attitudes Regarding Drug Use Among Lebanese Medical Students During the 4 Years of Medical School. Acad Psychiatry. 2018;42(2):288-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-017-0879-x
Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, Segal JB, Peluso MJ, Guille C, Sen S, Mata D. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316(21):2214-2236. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324
Phelan SM, Burgess DJ, Puhl R, Dyrbye LN, Dovidio JF, Yeazel M, Ridgeway JL, Nelson D, Perry S, Przedworski JM, Burke SE, Hardeman RR, van Ryn M. The Adverse effect of weight stigma on the well-being of medical students with overweight or obesity: findings from a national survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2015 Sep;30(9):1251-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-015-3266-x
Diehl K, Jansen C, Ishchanova K, Hilger-Kolb J. Loneliness at universities: determinants of emotional and social loneliness among students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(9):1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091865
Concerto C, Conti C, Muscatello MR, Signorelli MS, Zoccali R, Coira D, Aguglia E, Battaglia F. Sleep quality, perceived stress, and caffeinated drinks intake in psychiatry residents: A cross-sectional Study. J Caffeine Res. 2017;7(1):18-22. https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2016.0014
Richards G, Smith AP. A review of energy drinks and mental health, with a focus on stress, anxiety, and depression. J Caffeine Res. 2016;6(2):49-63. https://doi.org/10.1089/jcr.2015.0033
Stojanović-Tasić M, Grgurević A, Cvetković J, Grgurević U, Trajković G. Association between somatic diseases and symptoms of depression and anxiety among Belgrade University students. Med Glas (Zenica). 2014;11(2):373-378.
Eime RM, Young JA, Harvey JT, Charity MJ, Payne WR. A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013; 10:135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-135
Gonçalves JRL, Jorge AP, Zanetti GC, Amaro EA, Tótoli RT, Lucchetti G. Religiousness is associated with lower levels of anxiety, but not depression, in medical and nursing students. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2018;64(6):537-542. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.64.06.537
Ngasa SN, Sama CB, Dzekem BS, Nforchu KN, Tindong M, Aroke D, Dimala CA. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical students in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):216. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1382-3
Fata Nahas ARM, Elkalmi RM, Al-Shami AM, Elsayed TM. Prevalence of Depression among health sciences students: findings from a public university in Malaysia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019;11(2):170-175. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_263_18
Hamasha AA, Kareem YM, Alghamdi MS, Algarni MS, Alahedib KS, Alharbi FA. Risk indicators of depression among medical, dental, nursing, pharmacology, and other medical science students in Saudi Arabia. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2019;31(7-8):646-652. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2019.1584095
Lemos MA, Henao-Pérez M, López-Medina DC. Stress and mental health in medical students: relation with coping and extracurricular activities. Archivos de medicina. [internet].2018[citado 19 feb de 2020]; 14(2:3):1-8. Recuperado a partir de: file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/DialnetEstresYSaludMentalEnEstudiantesDeMedicina-6499267.pdf
Descargas
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
